Shock absorber



Oct. 13, 1936. M, T|BBETT$ 2,057,120

SHOCK ABsoRBER l Filed'Maroh 1, 1934 E25. l IMI' lili yz y/ j 6 Lm /48@A47 Patented Oct. 13, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,057,120 snocx.insomma poration of Michigan Application March 1, 1934, Serial No.713,490

11 Claims.

- 5 which will be self-contained and cheap to manufacture.

Another object of the invention is to provide a duplex shock absorber ofthe double-acting type with cylinders aligned so that the cylinders ofboth shock absorbers can be machined at the same time.

Another object of the invention is to provide direct actinginterconnections between two shock absorbers.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription taken in connection with the drawing. which forms a part ofthis specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section on the line I-I of Fig. 3 and illustrates ashock absorber means lmade in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the various passages and valves;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another form of theinvention, and

another form.

Referring to the drawing, I represents a casing which as shown in thedrawing is formed over a single casting with a through-boreII'f'extending longitudinally from one end to the other thereof. Thisbore constitutes the two cylinders of a duplex shock absorber with theadjacent ends of the cylinders interconnected by a portion of the boreitself. For convenience the right hand cylinder in Fig. 1 will benumbered I2 and the left hand cylinder I3. The outer ends of this boreand consequently the outer ends of the cylinders are closed by suitablecaps I4.

Arranged to operate in the cylinders I2 and I3 are double-acting pistonsl and I6 respectively and each of these pistons has a check valve I'I inits outer end, the valve opening outwardly for the purpose ofreplenishing uid in the system. The bore between the pistons isunobstructed so that when the cylinders are full of a suitable fluid themovement of one piston towards the other will tend to cause the other tomove in the same direction.

Each of the pistons is provided with operating Fig. 6 is a view similarto-Fig. 5 showing still v (Cl. 18S-88) means, that at the right in Fig.1 being a direct operating means and that at the left being connectedthrough a reversing device. The right hand means comprises a bell cranklever I8, the arm I9 of which extends down into the piston I5 with itshead 20 against suitable wear plates 2l. The lever is mounted in asuitable bearing 22 in the casting I0 and a portion of it extendsoutside of the casting and is formed with the arm 23 of the lever. Thisarm 23 extends horizontally in the direction of the bore I I and thecasting end is adapted for connection to a relatively movable part ofthe vehicle, usually the vehicle axle or wheel carrier.

The other piston operating means comprises a bell crank lever 25 havinga downwardly extending arm I9 similar to the arm for the other pistonand connected to operate its piston I6 in the same manner. 'I'here isalso a bearing 22 for this bell crank lever and there is an arm 24extending horizontally towards the left in Fig. l and in the oppositedirection from that of the arm 23. A lever 26 is pivoted at 21 on abracket 28 mounted upon or formed as an integral part of the cast- VingI0 and extending outwardly therefrom. The outer end 29 of the lever 26extends horizontally in a. direction opposite to that of the arm 23 andis adapted for connection to the axle or wheel carrier at the oppositeside of the vehicle. The inner end 30 of the lever 26 is formed with aslot 3| and the outer end of the arm 24 is formed with a pin 32operating in the slot 3|. This constitutes a reversing mechanism so thatas the end 29 of the lever 26 moves upwardly the arm 24 of the lever 25will be caused to move downwardly, and vice versa.

With the levers and reversing mechanism above referred to it will beseen that as the arms 23 and 29 are moved upwardly on what may be calledthe compression stroke, by the action of the wheel carriers, both thepistons I5 and I6 will be caused to move to the right. On the reverse orrebound stroke the pistons will both be moved to the left.

It will be understood that the entire casing will be lled with a.suitable fluid and the space inside the pistons and surrounding thebearings 22, indicated at 33, may be used as a replenishing reservoir,and these reservoirs at the ends of the casting may be connected by asuitable passage 34 as shown in Fig. 1. Fluid leaking past the cylindersinto the reservoir will be drawn back into the cylinders by the valvesI1, as indicated above.

sage 44 extending between the same point'sJIhis latter is shown ascontrolled by a hand or automatically operated valve 4.5,' Which valvemay also entirely close off the passages 4D and `4I butwhen" this isdone there is a safety valve or blow-ofi arrangement in the formof-Ipassages 46 andl41- and the valves 48 and 49, these latter passagesand valves extending around the cut-offvalve 451 The latter maybe:operated` through suitable varinsLSI'I and connecting rodr5I.

In addition toY theA above passageswthere are V`passages 52 and 53 -Withvalves 54 and 55, `these passages and valves connectingy the'outer endsy of the cylinders :I2 and. I3, thus providing a bypassaround'bothpistons.

From theabove' description of `the shock ab- .the bore to the reboundend I3 thereof. -uid wouldtake one of two courses,rt-wou1d Vsorbenrneansit will beseen that ifbothrarms 23,

29'rnove upwardly. at the .samettime,.ias would be the .caser ifthe`wheels on Yboth sides struck vsubstantiallyJthe sam-e bumpVbothpistons;l5,

IG'would move to Vthe Vright and there-wouldbea transfer of fluid fromthe compressionend I2 of This either Ypass through the passage 4I] andvalve 43 .to the.spacebetween the pistons and thence ythrough thepassage 4I and valve 42 to the rebound endofthe left hand cylinder, critwould pass through the passage, 53 and valve 54, de-

pending upon how the Avarious valves wereset.

, Preferably the, valves 442. and V43 would beset a littleglighterthanthe valves 54,l and 55 so that mostoi the transfer would be through thepassages49 and 4I because thosel passages are con- .,trolled by thehandor automaticallyoperated device. With the cut-oir valve Y45Yentirely closing all of the passages 4,0, 4I, and 4,4, the valves 54 and55 would operated as blow-'offV .valves along with the valves48 andAS.These various valves A would beset at the points giving the k,mostdesirv able result.l It will also be seen that when the reverseoperationk takes place, that is when both 4arms 23 and 29 movedownwardly simultaneously both pistons will move from right to left asshown in Fig. i, and this will cause a transfer of iiuid Yfrom therebound end I3 to the compression end I2 of the cylinder. Likewise thisiiuid would take one of twocourses, either passing around the piston I6through the passage 40 and the valve 43 tothe space between the pistons,thence around the piston I5 through the passage 4I and the valve 42 tothe compression end of the cylinder, or this. iiuid might pass from therebound Then thereis another and preferably smaller by-pass or pas-2,057,120 y i, i ff! l l2 and 13 and valves 14 and 'l5 connecting fromthe outer end of each cylinder to the inner end of the oppositecylinder. With this partition and this arrangement of passages thereversing device 3|, 32 may or may not be used, as desired.Y 5 Thesepassages 'I2 and 13 and their valves 'I4 and l5 take the place of thepassages 52 and 53 and their valves `54 and 55 show n inthe preferredembodiment of the invention." g j- It"'will"b'e understoodthatthemodifications 10 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may be provided withvarrous valved passages and connections illustrated in Figs. ,1 to 3,but as Figs. 5 and 6 are only intended to illustrate modified features,the latter views,d'ofriotV irclude'yalved passages shown in' 15 Y,Figsiigto It will bey understood that various forms of theinventionaotherthan those described above may be used without departingfrom the spirit or scope f the'in'v'ention.

. WhatI claim and. desire` to secure vhy Letters .Patent is:, Y

'17. Shockv absorberfmeuans comprising :airially aligned 4cylindershaving a partition therebetween,

a doubleacting piston in each cylinder, ,connec- 25 tions for operatingsaid pistons, said pistons being Vindependently` movable, and a pair.otono-,way

tions for operating said pistons, said plstonsbeing independentlymovable .andiv valvedl passage 135 meansthroughsaid partitionalignedcylinders having a partition therebetween,

` a doubleacting piston in each` cylinder, ,connecftions `f0.1@Operating. said PiSiQnS, saisi. pistons being :40'independeritlxfmerablef.andvnefwayivalved YDas.- -saee meansinterwnnectmsltbe QQmPrsSsQn Seide of each cylinder with the reboundside Kof -lthe'pothcr 4. A hydraulichzshock; absorber-comprising Va '.15

Y,cylinder long v enoughf'or two pistons, two doubleacting pistons insaid `cvlindve`1j,jthe cylinder being .closediat itsouter endshnobstructedbetween 'the pistons, means for y opera tingthe pistons, and

a 1,0S.d-.Sysiem. im a liquid Operating .medium comprising liquidvpassage means around the pistons .through which fluid can ow frometherend directlyto-:theopposite endof thercyllnder.

5. A "hydraulic l ,shock absorber comprising" aV cylinder long enoughfor two pistons', two ,doubl-.1155

i acting hollow pistons in said cylinder each` having var'ifop'eninglthrough its head, a one-way valve associated withfthe'l opening inVeacli'fpis'ton'head and opening outwardly thereof, the cylinder being fclosed at its Voutilrerends andiunobstriict'ed,betweenrc the pistons,means for operatingthe pistons, vand space between the pistons. "i

end I3 through the passage 52 and the valve 55 v i enoughfortwo'pistons,I twopistons operating in to the compression end I2 ofthe cylinder.

In Fig. 5 the cylinders I2 and I3 are separated by a partition withvalves 64, 65 controlling passages between the cylinders. These valves64, would correspond vto the valves 54 and 55 of the construction shownin Fig. 4. The operation is similar to that of the otherconstruction.

In Fig; 6 there is a solid partition 'I0 between the cylinders l2 and I3and there'are passages a. closed" system vfor 'a1 liquid operating'medium comprising "valve controlledjliquid passage 'mjeans aroundeachpis'ton fromits outerfends tothe 55 .6."A' shock absorber comprisinga cyli'derlong said cylinderl with an -interconnecting 'space be- '7. Ashock absorber means comprising tworfcooperating pistons i meansdirectly. vconnected tof- 75 operate one of said pistons and means tooperate the other of said pistons comprising a reversing device.

8. In shock absorber means, the combination of axially aligned shockabsorber cylinders, a doubleacting piston in each cylinder, said pistonsbeing independently movable, and connections to said pistons such thatthe pistons move in the same direction when said connections move in thesame direction.

9. In shock absorber means, the combination of axially aligned shockabsorber cylinders, a doubleacting piston in each cylinder, said pistonsbeing independently movable, and connections to said pistons such thatthe pistons move in the same direction when said connections move in thesame direction, said cylinders being hydraulically interconnected.

10. A hydraulic shock absorber comprising two double-actingpiston-and-cylinder shock absorbers connected end-to-end, said pistonsbeing independently movable, interconnections between adjacent ends ofthe cylinders, and means for operating the pistons such that as theoperated parts of said means move together said pistons will move in thesame direction.

11. A hydraulic shock absorber comprising two double-actingpiston-and-cylinder shock absorbers connected end-to-end,interconnections between adjacent ends of the cylinders, and separatemeans for operating said pistons, one of said means connected directlyto its piston and the other of said means connected through a reversingdevice, for the purpose specied.

MILTON 'I'IBBE'I'IS.

